Young's double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that demonstrates the wave-particle duality of light and other particles. While the experiment is robust and has been extensively studied, there are certain factors and assumptions that it does not account for. Here are some limitations and factors not considered in the basic setup of the experiment:
Single particle detection: The original double-slit experiment assumes that particles, such as photons or electrons, are detected one at a time. However, detecting particles individually introduces some difficulties, such as potential interaction effects between the particle and the measurement apparatus. These interactions can influence the particle's behavior and may introduce uncertainties in the observed interference pattern.
Particle source characteristics: The experiment typically assumes a coherent and monochromatic source of particles. In reality, particle sources have limitations, such as finite coherence lengths and non-uniform energy distributions. These characteristics can affect the interference pattern and may introduce deviations from the ideal predictions of the double-slit experiment.
Environmental interactions: The experiment is typically conducted in controlled laboratory conditions. However, external factors such as air molecules, temperature variations, and electromagnetic fields can interact with the particles and disturb their paths. These interactions can lead to decoherence and result in a loss of interference.
Particle interactions: The double-slit experiment assumes that particles do not interact with each other. However, in certain scenarios, particle-particle interactions can occur and affect the interference pattern. For example, when particle densities are high, such as in a beam of particles, the interactions between particles can disrupt the interference pattern.
Detector characteristics: The detection system used in the experiment, such as a photographic plate or a digital camera, has its own limitations. These include factors like resolution, sensitivity, and spatial response function. The characteristics of the detector can influence the observed interference pattern and introduce uncertainties.
It's important to note that despite these limitations, the basic principles demonstrated by the double-slit experiment still hold true and have been confirmed through numerous variations and refinements of the original setup. The experiment remains a crucial demonstration of the wave-particle duality and the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.