No, energy absorption from the environment does not directly affect the nuclear stability of an atom. Nuclear stability is primarily determined by the balance between the forces that hold the nucleus together and the forces that try to push it apart. This balance is governed by the strong nuclear force and the electromagnetic force.
The strong nuclear force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons. The electromagnetic force, on the other hand, tends to push the positively charged protons apart. The stability of the nucleus depends on the number of protons and neutrons it contains and their arrangement.
Energy absorption from the environment can cause various effects, such as exciting electrons in the atom to higher energy levels or increasing the thermal motion of the nucleus and electrons. However, these effects primarily involve the electronic structure or the motion of particles within the atom and do not directly influence the nuclear stability.
That being said, extremely high-energy interactions, such as those in nuclear reactions or particle accelerators, can lead to nuclear transformations, where the nucleus undergoes changes in its composition. These processes can affect nuclear stability by altering the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, potentially leading to the formation of more stable or less stable isotopes or even causing nuclear decay.
In summary, while energy absorption can have indirect effects on the electronic structure and motion of particles within an atom, it does not directly impact the nuclear stability of an atom governed by the balance of the strong nuclear force and electromagnetic force.