In the double-slit experiment, the behavior of particles is often used to explore the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. While it is true that the experimental setup involves manipulating and preparing the particles in a specific way, scientists claim that the results obtained from these manipulated particles are representative of the behavior of "usual" matter due to several reasons:
Statistical Behavior: The behavior of a large ensemble of particles, even if they are prepared in a specific way, can still exhibit statistical patterns and trends that reflect the underlying principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment typically involves a large number of particles, and the observed interference pattern arises from the statistical distribution of these particles. This statistical behavior provides insights into the wave-like nature of matter.
Consistency with Quantum Theory: The results of the double-slit experiment, obtained from manipulated particles, are consistent with the predictions of quantum theory. The interference pattern observed in the experiment matches the mathematical description of wave-particle duality and is a characteristic quantum phenomenon. This consistency suggests that the behavior of these manipulated particles reflects the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics.
Verification through Comparison: Scientists have conducted numerous double-slit experiments using various particles, such as electrons, photons, and even large molecules. These experiments consistently demonstrate interference patterns, irrespective of the nature of the particles involved. By comparing the behavior of different particles, scientists can establish that the observed interference effects are not exclusive to a particular type of particle but are rather a general characteristic of quantum systems.
Correspondence Principle: The correspondence principle, a fundamental principle in physics, states that the predictions of a more fundamental theory should converge with the predictions of a simpler, well-established theory under appropriate conditions. In the case of the double-slit experiment, when a large number of particles are involved, the behavior of these particles approaches the classical limit, where interference effects diminish. This correspondence between quantum and classical predictions in the appropriate limit further supports the claim that the behavior of manipulated particles is representative of usual matter.
It is important to note that while the preparation and manipulation of particles in the experiment are specific and controlled, the observed behavior and interference effects arise from the inherent properties of quantum systems. By carefully designing the experimental setup and analyzing the statistical patterns observed, scientists can confidently draw conclusions about the behavior of particles and their adherence to the principles of quantum mechanics.