In quantum mechanics, quantum tunneling refers to the phenomenon where a particle can pass through a potential barrier even though its energy is lower than the potential energy of the barrier. The probability of quantum tunneling depends on various factors, including the characteristics of the particle and the properties of the barrier.
When comparing an electron in the ground state to an excited electron, the probability of quantum tunneling depends on the specific scenario and the nature of the potential barrier. Generally, an excited electron possesses more energy than an electron in the ground state. This increased energy can potentially increase the probability of tunneling because the electron has a higher likelihood of possessing the necessary energy to overcome the barrier.
However, it's important to note that other factors can also influence the probability of quantum tunneling, such as the width and height of the barrier, as well as the mass of the particle. These factors interact in complex ways, and the specific details of the system are crucial in determining the probability of tunneling.
Therefore, it is not accurate to definitively state whether an electron in the ground state or an excited electron has a lower probability of undergoing quantum tunneling without considering the specific characteristics of the system and the potential barrier involved.