The Sun is expected to enter the red giant phase in approximately 5 billion years. During this phase, it will expand and engulf the inner planets, including Earth. This event, known as the Sun's "red giant phase," will make it extremely inhospitable for life as we know it on Earth.
However, before the red giant phase occurs, there is a possibility that some of the moons in our solar system could potentially support life. For example, Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus are believed to have subsurface oceans of liquid water, which is considered one of the essential ingredients for life as we know it. These subsurface oceans are maintained by tidal heating generated by the gravitational interactions between the moons and their host planets.
Even after the Sun becomes a red giant, there might be a window of opportunity for life to exist in other locations within the solar system. Moons like Europa and Enceladus, with their subsurface oceans and potential geothermal activity, may remain habitable for a longer time due to internal heat sources and the potential for tidal interactions with their parent planets.
Furthermore, there are theoretical concepts, such as "rogue planets" or "interstellar panspermia," which suggest the possibility of life existing on planets outside our solar system or being transported between star systems by various mechanisms.
Overall, while the future of life in our solar system after the Sun's red giant phase is uncertain, it is still possible that certain locations, such as subsurface oceans on moons, may provide suitable conditions for life to exist, even if it is not on Earth.