Particles interact with the Higgs field based on their inherent mass. The Higgs field is a fundamental field that permeates the entire universe. It is associated with the Higgs boson, which was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012.
According to the Standard Model of particle physics, particles acquire their mass through interactions with the Higgs field. Particles that have no mass, such as photons (particles of light) and gluons (particles that mediate the strong nuclear force), do not interact with the Higgs field. These particles are considered "massless" and are not affected by the Higgs mechanism.
On the other hand, particles that have mass, like quarks and electrons, interact with the Higgs field. The Higgs field creates a drag-like effect on these particles as they move through it, giving rise to their mass. This interaction is mediated by the exchange of Higgs bosons between the particles and the field.
The strength of the interaction between particles and the Higgs field depends on the particle's mass. Heavier particles experience a stronger interaction, leading to a larger mass. Lighter particles interact less strongly, resulting in a smaller mass. This is why some particles are more massive than others.
The Higgs mechanism explains why certain fundamental particles have mass while others do not, providing a key component of our current understanding of particle physics.