In the context of the electroweak theory, which unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces, there are three types of weak charges. These charges are often referred to as weak isospin.
The three types of weak charges are commonly labeled as "up-type," "down-type," and "lepton-type." These charges are associated with different types of particles:
Up-type weak charge: This charge is associated with particles such as up quarks, charm quarks, and top quarks. It is also associated with the charged leptons, which include the electron, muon, and tau particles.
Down-type weak charge: This charge is associated with particles such as down quarks, strange quarks, and bottom quarks. Similarly, it is also associated with the neutral leptons, namely the neutrinos (electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino).
Lepton-type weak charge: This charge is specific to the charged leptons (electron, muon, and tau) and their associated neutrinos.
It's important to note that weak charges are distinct from electric charges and color charges. Electric charges are associated with the electromagnetic force and can be positive or negative. Color charges, as you mentioned, are associated with the strong nuclear force and come in three types: red, green, and blue (plus their corresponding anticolors).
The electroweak theory successfully explains the unified behavior of the electromagnetic and weak forces by introducing weak isospin and weak hypercharge as quantum numbers. The weak charges play a crucial role in understanding the interactions of particles within the framework of the electroweak theory.