Unstable quantum entities and their fluctuations, such as particles in the process of transitioning into another form, can indeed be referred to as "new particles" in certain contexts. Here's why:
Discovery of new states: When scientists observe particles undergoing transitions or decays, they may identify new particles that were not previously known or predicted. These new particles could have unique properties, such as different masses, lifetimes, or decay modes. Discovering and characterizing these states expands our understanding of the particle spectrum and the fundamental forces that govern them.
Distinctive signatures: Particle detectors, such as those used in particle colliders or cosmic ray experiments, are designed to measure the properties of particles produced in high-energy interactions. Unstable particles may leave distinct signatures in these detectors, such as specific decay products or energy distributions. By analyzing these signatures and comparing them to theoretical predictions, scientists can identify new particles that are not consistent with known particles.
Confirmation of theoretical predictions: In some cases, the existence of a new particle is predicted by theoretical models before its experimental discovery. These predictions are based on the mathematical framework of the theory, which incorporates symmetries, conservation laws, and fundamental principles. When experimental evidence confirms the existence of a predicted particle, it is considered a significant discovery that strengthens our understanding of the underlying theory.
It's important to note that the term "new particle" doesn't necessarily mean an entirely new type of fundamental particle. It often refers to a specific state or manifestation of a particle that was previously unknown or unobserved. The study of these unstable entities and their fluctuations allows us to refine our understanding of the fundamental particles and their interactions, leading to advancements in our knowledge of the microscopic world.