If a theory of quantum gravity is discovered, it is unlikely that it would be exactly the same as Newton's universal law of gravitation. Newton's law of gravitation, formulated in the 17th century, is a classical theory of gravity that describes the force between two objects with mass. It is based on the concept of instantaneous action at a distance, where the force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them.
On the other hand, a theory of quantum gravity aims to reconcile the principles of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Quantum mechanics describes the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles, while general relativity describes the behavior of gravity on large scales and in the presence of massive objects like planets, stars, and black holes.
In the realm of quantum gravity, the behavior of gravity is expected to differ significantly from Newton's law. Quantum gravity theories typically propose that gravity is mediated by particles called gravitons, similar to how other fundamental forces are mediated by particles (such as photons for electromagnetism). These theories introduce the principles of quantum mechanics into the description of gravity, leading to quantum effects and new phenomena not captured by classical theories.
Additionally, a theory of quantum gravity would likely incorporate the principles of general relativity, as it has been highly successful in describing the behavior of gravity in the classical regime. However, at very small scales or in extreme gravitational conditions, general relativity breaks down and quantum effects become significant. Therefore, a theory of quantum gravity would need to address these quantum phenomena and provide a consistent framework that unifies quantum mechanics and gravity.
While it is challenging to predict the specific form that a theory of quantum gravity would take, it is expected to introduce novel concepts, mathematical formalisms, and predictions that go beyond the classical Newtonian description of gravity. It would offer a deeper understanding of the fundamental nature of gravity and the fabric of the universe.