Quantum teleportation is a concept in quantum information theory that allows the transfer of quantum states from one location to another, without physically moving the particles that carry the information. It does not directly involve the connection between light and gravity.
In standard quantum teleportation, a quantum state, such as the state of an atom or a photon, is "teleported" from one location to another by utilizing entanglement and classical communication. Here's a simplified explanation of how it works:
Initial entanglement: A pair of particles, usually referred to as the entangled pair, are prepared in a special quantum state called entanglement. This means that the state of one particle is intrinsically linked or correlated to the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them.
Bell measurement: The entangled pair is then physically separated, with one particle sent to the sender (Alice) and the other to the receiver (Bob). Alice also has another particle that she wants to teleport (the target particle) to Bob.
Quantum state measurement: Alice performs a joint measurement, known as a Bell measurement, on her two particles, including the target particle and her half of the entangled pair. This measurement collapses the entangled state and yields some classical measurement results.
Classical communication: Alice communicates her measurement results to Bob through classical means, such as a regular electronic or optical channel. This communication contains information about the outcome of her measurement.
State reconstruction: Based on Alice's measurement results, Bob performs specific operations on his half of the entangled pair. These operations transform the state of his particle to match the state of the original target particle that Alice wanted to teleport.
It's important to note that quantum teleportation does not involve the instantaneous transfer of information or matter. Instead, it relies on the transfer of measurement results through classical communication channels. Therefore, it is bound by the speed of light and cannot violate the principles of relativity.
Regarding the connection between light and gravity, it is a subject of ongoing research and exploration in the field of quantum gravity, which aims to reconcile quantum mechanics with general relativity. However, at present, there is no established theory or experimental evidence that directly connects quantum teleportation to the interaction between light (electromagnetic radiation) and gravity.