Yes, quantum computers do require electric power to operate. While the fundamental operations in a quantum computer rely on quantum mechanical principles, the physical implementation of quantum computers involves various components that require power.
Quantum computers typically use superconducting qubits or trapped ions, among other technologies, which require precise control systems and infrastructure to manipulate and measure the qubits. These control systems include components such as microwave generators, amplifiers, and signal processors, which rely on electric power for their operation.
Additionally, quantum computers often need to be cooled to extremely low temperatures, near absolute zero, to maintain the delicate quantum states of the qubits. Cryogenic cooling systems, such as dilution refrigerators, are used to achieve these low temperatures. These cooling systems also require electric power to function.
Overall, while quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics for their computational operations, the supporting infrastructure and control systems, including the cooling mechanisms, necessitate the use of electric power.