Satellites generally do not remain stationary in relation to the Earth's surface. Most satellites are in orbit around the Earth, which means they continuously move in a circular or elliptical path around the planet. This movement is a result of the balance between the satellite's orbital velocity and the gravitational pull of the Earth.
Satellites can have different types of orbits depending on their purpose and intended function. For example:
Geostationary Orbit (GEO): Satellites in geostationary orbit remain fixed relative to a specific point on Earth's equator. They orbit the Earth at an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) and have an orbital period of about 24 hours. This allows them to match the rotation of the Earth, appearing stationary from the ground. Geostationary satellites are commonly used for telecommunications, weather monitoring, and broadcasting.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO): Satellites in low Earth orbit have altitudes ranging from a few hundred kilometers to around 2,000 kilometers (approximately 124 to 1,242 miles). These satellites orbit the Earth at relatively high speeds, completing an orbit in about 90 minutes to 2 hours. LEO satellites are used for various purposes, including Earth observation, scientific research, and communication.
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO): These orbits are in-between geostationary and low Earth orbits in terms of altitude and orbital characteristics. Satellites in MEO and HEO have elliptical paths, and their motion around the Earth is not stationary.
In summary, while satellites may have different orbits depending on their design and function, they generally rotate or orbit around the Earth rather than remaining stationary.