Yes, quantum computers do require electricity to operate. Similar to classical computers, quantum computers rely on electronic components for control, data manipulation, and communication. These electronic components provide the necessary infrastructure for controlling and measuring the qubits.
However, it's important to note that the qubits themselves are not classical bits but rather physical systems that exhibit quantum properties. These qubits can be implemented using various physical systems such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, topological states, or other quantum systems. The physical implementation of qubits can vary depending on the particular quantum computer architecture.
In addition to electricity, quantum computers often require specialized cooling systems to maintain extremely low temperatures, typically close to absolute zero. This is necessary to reduce thermal noise and ensure that the delicate quantum states of the qubits remain stable and coherent.
So while quantum computers do rely on electricity for their infrastructure and control, the core processing and storage elements, the qubits, operate based on quantum phenomena rather than classical electrical signals.