In the context of quantum physics, the term "observer" does not necessarily refer to a conscious being or a living entity. In quantum mechanics, an observer is often used to describe any system or apparatus that interacts with a quantum system and measures or detects its properties.
According to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, which is one of the commonly accepted interpretations, the act of measurement or observation in quantum systems leads to the collapse of the wavefunction, determining a definite state for the observed system. This collapse can occur through interactions with various types of detectors or measurement devices, which are typically considered as observers.
These measurement devices can be as simple as a piece of laboratory equipment or sophisticated instruments, such as particle detectors or photon counters. The crucial aspect is the interaction between the quantum system and the measuring device, which causes the wavefunction to collapse.
The concept of observation or measurement in quantum mechanics is not limited to conscious observers or living beings. In experiments, measurements can be made by automated devices or apparatuses that do not possess consciousness. Therefore, the role of an observer in quantum physics does not depend on being alive or conscious but rather on the interaction between the quantum system and the measuring apparatus.