The distribution of quarks within protons and neutrons is described by their internal structure, which is governed by the strong nuclear force. In the context of the quark model, both protons and neutrons are composed of three quarks each.
The exact spatial arrangement of quarks within nucleons (protons and neutrons) is not as simple as imagining them as tiny spheres at fixed positions. Instead, the quarks are quantum mechanical entities with properties described by wave functions. The wave functions provide information about the probability distribution of the quarks within the nucleon.
Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations indicate that the spatial distribution of quarks within protons and neutrons is relatively similar. Quarks are confined within the nucleon due to the strong force, and their interactions result in a complex and dynamic distribution of positions.
However, it is worth noting that the charge distributions of protons and neutrons are slightly different. This arises from the fact that protons have two up quarks and one down quark, while neutrons have two down quarks and one up quark. The up quark has a positive charge of +2/3, while the down quark has a negative charge of -1/3. The different charge distributions give rise to variations in the electric fields surrounding protons and neutrons.
In summary, while the spatial distribution of quarks within protons and neutrons is not precisely known in detail, the current understanding suggests that the quarks are distributed relatively similarly in both particles. The differences lie primarily in the electric charge distributions resulting from the combination of quark flavors in protons and neutrons.