The six quarks are elementary particles that are considered the fundamental building blocks of matter. They are categorized into three generations or families. Each generation consists of two quarks, known as an up-type quark and a down-type quark. Here are the six quarks:
Up Quark (u): The up quark is the lightest quark and has a charge of +2/3 elementary charge. It is denoted by the symbol "u" and is found in the first generation.
Down Quark (d): The down quark is also relatively light and has a charge of -1/3 elementary charge. It is denoted by the symbol "d" and is found in the first generation.
Charm Quark (c): The charm quark is heavier than the up and down quarks and has a charge of +2/3 elementary charge. It is denoted by the symbol "c" and is found in the second generation.
Strange Quark (s): The strange quark is also heavier than the up and down quarks and has a charge of -1/3 elementary charge. It is denoted by the symbol "s" and is found in the second generation.
Top Quark (t): The top quark, also known as the top or truth quark, is the heaviest of all known quarks. It has a charge of +2/3 elementary charge and is denoted by the symbol "t." It is found in the third generation.
Bottom Quark (b): The bottom quark, also known as the bottom or beauty quark, is relatively heavy and has a charge of -1/3 elementary charge. It is denoted by the symbol "b" and is found in the third generation.
These six quarks, along with their corresponding antiquarks (which have opposite charges), combine to form various types of hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.