Protons and neutrons, which are collectively known as nucleons, are composite particles composed of quarks held together by the strong nuclear force. The behavior of nucleons, as well as their precise positions, is described by quantum mechanics.
In quantum mechanics, particles can exhibit wave-particle duality, meaning they can behave both as particles and as waves. The concept of superposition is associated with the wave-like nature of particles. Superposition states occur when a particle is in a combination or mixture of multiple possible states simultaneously.
Regarding the positions of protons and neutrons within atomic nuclei, they are not considered to have well-defined positions like particles in classical mechanics. Instead, their positions are described by probability distributions. These probability distributions, known as orbitals or wave functions, provide information about the likelihood of finding a nucleon in a particular region around the nucleus.
Quantum mechanics allows for the possibility of superposition states at the subatomic level, including the constituents of nucleons, such as quarks. However, it's important to note that the concept of superposition generally applies to elementary particles or their fundamental constituents, rather than composite particles like protons and neutrons. The behavior and properties of composite particles are more appropriately described by the collective behavior of their constituent particles, rather than by individual superposition states.
In summary, while protons and neutrons do not have well-defined positions like classical particles, they are not typically described as being in superposition states. The concept of superposition is more relevant to elementary particles and their fundamental constituents, such as quarks.