At the moment of the Big Bang, the universe was in a highly energetic and dense state, and the fundamental particles we are familiar with today, such as quarks and electrons, did exist. However, there were also other types of fundamental particles present during that early phase of the universe.
During the earliest moments of the universe, the energies were extremely high, and the temperatures were so intense that particles existed in a state called a quark-gluon plasma. In this state, quarks and gluons, which are the carriers of the strong nuclear force, were not confined within hadrons but instead moved freely in a deconfined state. At these extreme energies, the distinction between different types of quarks and leptons (such as electrons) becomes less significant.
As the universe expanded and cooled down, the energy levels dropped, and the quark-gluon plasma underwent a phase transition known as hadronization. This led to the confinement of quarks and the formation of protons, neutrons, and other hadrons composed of quarks. The leptons, including electrons, also became distinct and stable particles.
Furthermore, during the early universe, there were other types of particles present that are not observed today. These included particles such as neutrinos, photons (particles of light), and their antiparticles. In addition, there were hypothetical particles, such as gravitons (associated with gravity) and possibly other exotic particles, whose existence and properties are still subjects of ongoing research and exploration in theoretical physics.
To summarize, at the moment of the Big Bang, the universe contained a wide variety of fundamental particles, including quarks, leptons like electrons, neutrinos, and photons, among others. As the universe expanded and cooled, the interactions between these particles and the changes in energy levels led to the formation of the familiar particles we observe today.