Currently, there is no specific vehicle that is used for human travel from Earth to Mars or other planets in our solar system. However, there are several concepts and proposals for future interplanetary spacecraft that could potentially be used for such missions. Here are a few examples:
Spacecraft with chemical propulsion: Traditional chemical rockets, similar to those used for space exploration today, could be utilized for interplanetary travel. These spacecraft would require large amounts of propellant and would likely involve multiple stages to reach their destination. However, they would be limited in terms of speed and travel time due to the constraints of chemical propulsion.
Electric propulsion spacecraft: Electric propulsion systems, such as ion engines or plasma thrusters, are more fuel-efficient than chemical rockets. While they provide lower thrust, they can operate for longer durations and achieve higher velocities over time. Electric propulsion could potentially be used for interplanetary travel, allowing spacecraft to reach destinations more efficiently, albeit with longer travel times.
Nuclear propulsion spacecraft: Concepts for spacecraft powered by nuclear propulsion have been explored. These spacecraft would use nuclear reactions to generate thrust, providing much higher specific impulse (efficiency) compared to chemical or electric propulsion. Nuclear propulsion could significantly reduce travel times for interplanetary missions.
Advanced propulsion technologies: Scientists and engineers are continuously researching and developing new propulsion technologies for interplanetary travel. These include concepts like solar sails, which harness the pressure of sunlight for propulsion, and breakthrough propulsion systems like warp drives or antimatter engines, which are still in the realm of theoretical exploration.
It's important to note that human missions to Mars or other planets are still in the planning and development stages, and the choice of spacecraft will depend on various factors such as mission objectives, available technology, budget constraints, and safety considerations. Future missions will likely involve a combination of different technologies to enable safe and efficient travel between planets in our solar system.