Currently, most practical quantum computers utilize physical systems that exhibit quantum behavior, but they are not fundamentally indeterministic qubits. Instead, they rely on qubits that are subject to noise and decoherence, leading to probabilistic outcomes. However, there are some emerging technologies that have the potential to harness indeterministic qubits. Let's explore a few examples:
Superconducting Qubits: Superconducting qubits are one of the leading candidates for building quantum computers. They are typically fabricated using Josephson junctions, which are nonlinear electrical elements that exhibit quantum behavior. Although these qubits are not intrinsically indeterministic, their operation is influenced by environmental noise, resulting in probabilistic outcomes. You can find more information about superconducting qubits in this article by Devoret and Schoelkopf: "Superconducting Circuits for Quantum Information: An Outlook."
Trapped Ion Qubits: Trapped ions can also serve as qubits in quantum computing. By confining ions using electromagnetic fields, their internal energy levels can be manipulated to store and process quantum information. While trapped ion qubits are not indeterministic, they can introduce probabilistic elements due to interactions with the surrounding environment. To learn more, you can refer to the research paper by Monroe et al.: "Scaling the Ion Trap Quantum Processor."
Topological Qubits: Topological qubits are a promising approach to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. These qubits are based on the concept of anyons, which are particles that exist only in two dimensions and exhibit non-Abelian braiding statistics. By manipulating these anyons, quantum information can be stored and processed. Anyons possess intrinsic indeterminism due to their topological properties. You can refer to the article by Nayak et al. titled "Non-Abelian anyons and topological quantum computation" for a comprehensive understanding.
It's worth noting that indeterministic qubits are still an area of active research, and there may be advancements beyond my current understanding. However, the examples provided above represent some of the most prominent technologies being explored for quantum computing.