It's important to note that the expansion of space during the Big Bang is a bit different from objects moving through space. The expansion of space itself does not violate the principle that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.
During the early moments of the Big Bang, the universe underwent a rapid period of expansion known as cosmic inflation. This inflationary period is a theoretical concept that helps explain certain observations about the large-scale structure of the universe.
According to the theory of cosmic inflation, the expansion of space occurred at an extremely rapid rate, causing the universe to expand faster than the speed of light. However, this does not imply that objects within the universe were moving faster than light relative to each other. The expansion of space itself can stretch the distances between objects, but it does not involve objects moving through space at speeds exceeding the speed of light.
The key point to understand is that during cosmic inflation, the fabric of space itself was undergoing expansion, causing the distances between points in space to increase rapidly. This expansion happened on scales much larger than individual galaxies or other structures in the universe.
Once the inflationary period ended, the expansion of the universe continued at a slower rate, governed by the laws of general relativity and the properties of matter and energy within the universe. It is through this subsequent expansion that galaxies and other structures in the universe gradually moved apart over vast cosmic timescales.
So, while the expansion of space during the early stages of the Big Bang may have occurred at rates faster than the speed of light, this does not contradict the principle that objects within the universe cannot travel faster than light. The expansion of space itself is a different concept and can lead to the apparent separation of objects on cosmological scales.