A component commonly used to regulate voltage in electronic circuits is called a voltage regulator.
Voltage regulators are devices or integrated circuits (ICs) designed to maintain a stable output voltage regardless of changes in input voltage or load conditions. They ensure that the voltage supplied to a circuit or device remains within a specific range, providing a consistent and reliable power source.
There are different types of voltage regulators, but the most common ones include:
Linear voltage regulators: These regulators use a series pass element, typically a transistor, to control the voltage by dissipating excess energy as heat. They are simple, cost-effective, and suitable for low to medium current applications. Linear regulators are available in fixed or adjustable output voltage configurations.
Switching voltage regulators: Switching regulators work by rapidly switching the input voltage on and off and then smoothing it to provide a regulated output. They are more efficient than linear regulators since they minimize power dissipation. Switching regulators are commonly used in applications that require higher currents or when energy efficiency is crucial.
Voltage regulators can be found in various electronic devices and systems, such as power supplies, computer motherboards, mobile phones, and many other consumer electronics. They play a vital role in ensuring stable and appropriate voltage levels for the proper operation of electronic circuits.