Deep-sea divers undergo a process called "decompression" or "depressurization" to safely return to the surface after diving at significant depths. This process is necessary due to the changes in pressure that occur underwater and how it affects the dissolved gases in the body.
When diving, the water exerts pressure on the body, and as divers descend to greater depths, the pressure increases. Breathing compressed air from tanks at depth allows divers to maintain an adequate oxygen supply. However, at increased pressures, the body absorbs higher amounts of gases, especially nitrogen, which is present in air.
The concern arises during ascent. If a diver ascends rapidly without allowing the excess nitrogen to gradually leave the body, a condition called decompression sickness (DCS), or "the bends," can occur. This happens when the nitrogen bubbles, which were dissolved in the tissues and bloodstream at depth due to increased pressure, try to expand too quickly as the pressure decreases during ascent.
If a diver ascends too quickly, the nitrogen bubbles can form and create a range of symptoms, including joint and muscle pain, neurological issues, and even life-threatening complications. To prevent this, divers must follow decompression procedures. These procedures involve ascending at controlled rates, making scheduled stops at specific depths to allow the excess nitrogen to be released gradually. This process allows the bubbles to safely dissolve and be eliminated from the body without causing harm.
The concept of air "exploding" after being in a container underwater is related to the same principle of pressure changes. When a container is brought from deep underwater to the surface, the pressure rapidly decreases. If the container is not built to withstand this pressure difference, it can lead to a sudden and violent release of compressed air, potentially causing an explosion. It is crucial to design containers and vessels that can handle these pressure differentials to ensure safe operations in deep-sea environments.
In summary, depressurization for deep-sea divers is essential to prevent the formation of harmful gas bubbles in the body during ascent. Proper decompression procedures allow the gradual elimination of excess nitrogen and help avoid decompression sickness.