The discovery and understanding of gravity as a force took centuries of scientific progress and the contributions of multiple scientists. While earlier scientists observed and described the effects of gravity, they did not have the complete knowledge or theoretical framework to fully understand its nature. Here are a few reasons why earlier scientists could not simply guess about the gravitational force:
Lack of Scientific Method: In the early days of science, the scientific method as we know it today was not fully established. Empirical observations were made, but they lacked systematic experimentation, accurate measurements, and rigorous mathematical analysis to develop precise theories.
Limited Observational Data: Early scientists had limited access to precise instruments and data compared to what we have today. Detailed observations and measurements were crucial for uncovering the patterns and behaviors of gravitational phenomena.
Geocentric Cosmology: For many centuries, the predominant belief was in a geocentric model of the universe, where Earth was considered the center of the cosmos. This perspective hindered the understanding of gravity since it was thought that objects naturally moved towards the center of the universe.
Absence of Universal Laws: Before the development of modern physics and mathematical concepts, the notion of universal laws governing the behavior of the natural world was not well-established. The idea that the same physical laws applied everywhere and to all objects was a key breakthrough for understanding gravity.
Theoretical Framework: A comprehensive theoretical framework was needed to explain the nature of gravity. It was Isaac Newton who developed the theory of universal gravitation in the late 17th century, providing a mathematical description of how objects attract each other based on their masses.
It is important to note that scientific progress builds upon the work of earlier scientists, and our current understanding of gravity is a result of cumulative contributions and advancements over time. It took a combination of careful observation, experimentation, mathematical analysis, and theoretical insights to eventually uncover and comprehend the fundamental force of gravity.