The terms "scientific fact" and "scientific theory" refer to distinct concepts in the realm of science:
Scientific Fact: A scientific fact is an objective and verifiable observation about the natural world. It is a piece of information that has been repeatedly confirmed through empirical evidence and experimentation. Scientific facts are considered to be true based on the available evidence and can be used as a foundation for scientific understanding. For example, it is a scientific fact that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius at sea level under standard atmospheric conditions.
Scientific Theory: A scientific theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. It is a comprehensive framework that integrates multiple scientific facts, laws, and hypotheses to provide an explanation for a particular phenomenon. Scientific theories are based on extensive evidence and are continually tested and refined through observation, experimentation, and peer review. They are the highest level of scientific understanding and are supported by a broad range of empirical data. Examples of scientific theories include the theory of evolution, the theory of general relativity, and the germ theory of disease.
In summary, scientific facts are specific observations about the natural world, while scientific theories are overarching explanations that integrate and interpret those facts. Theories are more comprehensive and supported by a substantial body of evidence, whereas facts are individual pieces of information that contribute to the overall understanding provided by theories.