If a black hole is formed in space near a planet, its effects on the planet would depend on several factors, including the distance between the planet and the black hole, the mass and size of the black hole, and the relative velocities of the planet and the black hole.
Assuming the black hole is significantly more massive than the planet, the planet could experience several possible outcomes:
Disruption: If the planet ventures too close to the black hole, tidal forces from the black hole's strong gravitational pull could cause the planet to be torn apart. This process is known as tidal disruption.
Orbit Alteration: The presence of a black hole can significantly alter the planet's orbit. Depending on the proximity and mass of the black hole, the planet's orbit may become highly elliptical or even be completely destabilized, resulting in the planet being ejected from the system or falling into the black hole.
Gravitational Effects: Even at a distance, the gravitational influence of a black hole can affect the planet. It can cause perturbations in the planet's orbit or induce tidal effects on the planet's surface, leading to changes in its rotation or shape.
Accretion: If the black hole is actively accreting matter from its surroundings, such as gas or other celestial bodies, it could potentially attract material from the planet or its surrounding environment. This process would involve the material spiraling into the black hole's accretion disk before ultimately being consumed.
It's important to note that black holes themselves do not actively seek out or "suck in" objects from afar. Their gravitational influence depends on their mass and proximity to other objects, leading to various interactions and outcomes.