A "flat trajectory" for a bullet refers to the trajectory of the bullet's flight path when it is fired from a firearm. In this context, "flat" means that the bullet maintains a relatively level flight over a considerable distance, without experiencing a significant drop due to gravity.
Bullets fired from firearms are subject to the force of gravity, which causes them to be pulled downward as they travel downrange. As a result, the bullet's trajectory is usually a curved path known as a ballistic arc. The degree of curvature in this arc depends on various factors, including the muzzle velocity of the bullet, the bullet's weight and shape, and the angle at which the firearm is held (known as the angle of departure).
A flat trajectory is desirable for several reasons:
Accuracy: A flatter trajectory means that the bullet's point of impact remains closer to the shooter's point of aim over a longer distance. This makes it easier for the shooter to hit the target accurately without having to adjust the aiming point significantly for varying distances.
Extended Effective Range: A flat trajectory extends the effective range of the firearm. If a bullet maintains a relatively level flight, it can travel farther before dropping below a certain level of accuracy or hitting the ground.
Less Holdover/Adjustment: A flatter trajectory requires less holdover or adjustment when shooting at different distances. Holdover refers to the amount the shooter must aim above the target to compensate for bullet drop.
Quick Target Acquisition: In situations where the shooter needs to engage multiple targets quickly at varying distances, a flatter trajectory can aid in quick target acquisition and engagement without having to make extensive adjustments.
Achieving a flat trajectory often involves using a combination of factors, such as selecting appropriate ammunition, choosing a firearm with a suitable muzzle velocity, and understanding the ballistics of the specific bullet being used. Additionally, factors such as air resistance, wind, and temperature can influence the trajectory of a bullet, so shooters must also consider these elements when aiming at targets over longer distances.