Ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) are both organic compounds belonging to the alcohol functional group, but they have different molecular structures and properties. Here are the key differences between ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol:
Molecular Structure: Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or drinking alcohol, has the molecular formula C2H5OH. It consists of a two-carbon chain (ethyl group) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). Tertiary butyl alcohol, on the other hand, has the molecular formula (CH3)3COH. It consists of a tertiary butyl group (three methyl groups attached to a central carbon atom) bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Boiling Point: Ethanol has a lower boiling point compared to tertiary butyl alcohol. Ethanol boils at approximately 78.4°C (173.1°F), making it a volatile liquid. Tertiary butyl alcohol, due to its larger and more complex molecular structure, has a higher boiling point of around 82.4°C (180.3°F).
Solubility: Ethanol is highly soluble in water. It forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules, allowing it to mix well. This property contributes to its widespread use as a solvent and as an ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Tertiary butyl alcohol, on the other hand, has limited solubility in water. While it can mix with water to some extent, its solubility is much lower compared to ethanol.
Toxicity: Ethanol is commonly consumed in moderate amounts as an alcoholic beverage and is metabolized by the body. However, excessive consumption can lead to intoxication and have detrimental effects on health. Tertiary butyl alcohol is not typically used for human consumption and can be toxic if ingested in significant quantities.
Industrial Applications: Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemical synthesis. It is also employed as a biofuel and as an ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Tertiary butyl alcohol is primarily used as an intermediate chemical in the production of other compounds, such as esters, ethers, and polymer additives. It is also used as a solvent and as a fuel additive.
In summary, ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol differ in their molecular structures, physical properties, solubility, toxicity, and industrial applications. Ethanol is a smaller molecule, with lower boiling point and higher solubility in water, commonly used for consumption and as a solvent. Tertiary butyl alcohol has a larger and more complex structure, higher boiling point, limited solubility in water, and is primarily used as an intermediate chemical in various industries.