When lightning strikes a car, several things can happen due to the immense energy involved. Here are some of the effects and potential consequences:
Electrical Surge: Lightning carries an enormous amount of electrical energy. When it strikes a car, the metal body of the vehicle can act as a conductive path, allowing the electric current to flow through the car's frame. This can result in an electrical surge that affects various electrical and electronic systems within the car.
Damage to Electrical and Electronic Systems: The electrical surge from a lightning strike can cause severe damage to the car's electrical and electronic components. The vehicle's battery, alternator, fuses, wiring, ignition system, and other sensitive electronics can be affected. These systems may malfunction, requiring repair or replacement.
Fire: The heat generated by a lightning strike can cause fires in extreme cases. If the electrical surge ignites flammable materials or fluids within the car, a fire may start. This can be particularly dangerous, as a burning car poses a risk to the occupants and surrounding environment.
Structural Damage: Lightning carries a tremendous amount of energy, and when it strikes a car, it can cause physical damage. The impact of the strike, coupled with the intense heat, can potentially create holes or punctures in the car's body, shatter windows, or damage other external components.
Shockwave Effects: Lightning produces a shockwave as it rapidly heats and expands the air around it. When a vehicle is struck, this shockwave can cause damage to nearby structures, tires, or windows. The force of the shockwave can be strong enough to cause injury to the occupants.
Safety Systems Activation: In modern cars equipped with safety systems, a lightning strike can trigger certain safety mechanisms. For example, the airbags may deploy due to the sudden surge in electrical activity, or other safety features such as seatbelt pre-tensioners may activate.
It's important to note that the likelihood of a car being struck directly by lightning is relatively low. Vehicles with metal bodies generally provide some degree of protection by acting as a Faraday cage, redistributing the electric charge around the exterior of the car. However, a direct strike can still occur, especially in open areas or during severe thunderstorms.
If a car is struck by lightning, it is advisable to have the vehicle inspected by a professional to assess and repair any damage, even if there are no immediate signs of malfunction or visible damage.