To determine the density of an irregular solid like a stone, you can use the method of water displacement. Here's a step-by-step experiment to determine the density:
Materials needed:
- Stone (irregular solid)
- Graduated cylinder or beaker
- Water
- Measuring scale or balance
Procedure:
- Start by measuring the mass of the stone using a scale or balance. Record the mass in grams (g) and make a note of it.
- Fill a graduated cylinder or beaker with a known volume of water. Note the initial water level.
- Gently lower the stone into the water, ensuring that it is fully submerged. Take care not to introduce air bubbles.
- Observe the change in water level and record the new water level. The change in volume corresponds to the volume of the stone.
- Measure the new volume of water using the graduations on the cylinder or by pouring the water into a measuring container.
- Calculate the volume of the stone by subtracting the initial water level from the final water level. Volume of the stone = Final water level - Initial water level
- Now, you have the mass and volume of the stone. Use the following formula to calculate its density: Density = Mass of the stone / Volume of the stone
- Perform the necessary calculations to determine the density of the stone in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or any other appropriate unit.
It's important to note that repeated measurements and averaging can improve the accuracy of the results. Additionally, ensure that the stone is completely dry before measuring its mass to avoid including any water weight in the measurement.