The vertical motion of a ball falling under the influence of gravity is primarily dependent on two factors: the initial conditions and the force of gravity.
Initial Conditions: The vertical motion of the ball is affected by its initial position, initial velocity, and initial acceleration (if applicable). These initial conditions determine the starting point and initial speed of the ball's descent.
Force of Gravity: The force of gravity is a fundamental force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth. On Earth, gravity causes objects to accelerate downward at a rate of approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²). This acceleration is often denoted as "g" and is considered constant for objects near the surface of the Earth.
As the ball falls, the force of gravity causes it to accelerate downward. Its velocity increases over time, and the distance it travels vertically also increases. The relationship between time, velocity, and displacement in vertical motion under gravity is described by the laws of motion and can be calculated using mathematical equations such as those derived from kinematics.
It's important to note that in this simplified scenario, other factors such as air resistance, the shape of the ball, and other external forces are not considered. In real-world situations, these factors may have an impact on the ball's motion.