Yes, spacecraft have successfully landed on asteroids. Here are a few notable missions:
Hayabusa (MUSES-C): The Japanese spacecraft Hayabusa, launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), landed on the asteroid Itokawa in 2005. It collected samples from the asteroid's surface and returned them to Earth in 2010, marking the first successful sample return mission from an asteroid.
Hayabusa2: Building upon the success of the original Hayabusa mission, Hayabusa2 was also launched by JAXA. It reached the asteroid Ryugu in 2018 and deployed several landers and rovers to its surface. In addition to collecting samples, Hayabusa2 used an explosive device to create an artificial crater on the asteroid, exposing subsurface material. It returned to Earth in December 2020 with its sample capsule.
OSIRIS-REx: NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission reached the near-Earth asteroid Bennu in 2018. It successfully touched the asteroid's surface in October 2020, using a robotic arm to collect a sample of regolith (loose surface material). OSIRIS-REx is scheduled to return to Earth in September 2023, bringing its sample back for analysis.
These missions, along with others, have provided valuable insights into the composition, structure, and origins of asteroids. By studying these celestial bodies up close and bringing back samples, scientists can gain a better understanding of the early Solar System and the processes that shaped it.