Decomposition refers to the process in which a compound breaks down into simpler substances under certain conditions, such as the application of heat, light, or the presence of a catalyst. This breakdown occurs due to chemical reactions within the compound, resulting in the formation of new substances.
There are numerous examples of compounds that can decompose into simpler substances. Here are a few commonly known examples:
Water (H2O) can decompose into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) through a process called electrolysis. This reaction occurs when an electric current is passed through water, leading to the separation of its constituent elements.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen gas (O2) naturally over time. However, the reaction is expedited by the presence of a catalyst, such as manganese dioxide (MnO2).
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), found in substances like limestone and marble, decomposes when heated, resulting in the formation of calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2).
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a compound commonly used as a fertilizer and in explosives. It decomposes when heated, yielding nitrogen gas (N2), water (H2O), and oxygen gas (O2).
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), also known as baking soda, decomposes when heated, producing carbon dioxide gas (CO2), water (H2O), and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
These are just a few examples of compounds that can undergo decomposition reactions, leading to the formation of simpler substances.