The term "natural science" is used to refer to the study of the natural world, including phenomena that can be observed and explained through empirical methods and the laws of nature. It encompasses disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and geology. The term "natural" in this context implies that these sciences are concerned with understanding the natural phenomena of the physical universe.
On the other hand, "social science" or "human science" refers to disciplines that study human behavior, societies, and social interactions. This includes disciplines such as sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, political science, and linguistics. These fields examine the social aspects of human life, such as culture, language, society, and individual behavior.
The distinction between natural science and social science arises from the different subject matters they focus on. Natural science primarily deals with the physical and natural world, while social science focuses on human behavior and society. The terms "natural science" and "social science" are used to differentiate these two broad categories of scientific inquiry.
It's worth noting that the terms used to describe different scientific disciplines have evolved over time, and there can be variations in terminology across different cultures and academic traditions. In some contexts, "natural science" may be referred to as "physical science" or simply "science," while "social science" may be referred to as "human science" or "behavioral science." The specific terminology used can vary depending on the educational system, cultural norms, and the historical development of academic disciplines in different regions.