Question

In 1965 scientist Robert Foster said we would never land on the moon because it was not a rock, it was a cosmic plasma. Why is he wrong?

Answer 1

The statement made by scientist Robert Foster in 1965, suggesting that the moon is not a rock but a cosmic plasma, is not supported by scientific evidence. There are several reasons why this claim is considered incorrect:

1. Lunar Samples: The Apollo missions between 1969 and 1972 brought back lunar samples that have been extensively studied by scientists. These samples clearly demonstrate that the moon is composed of solid rock material, such as basalt and anorthosite, which are consistent with our understanding of planetary geology.

2. Seismic Measurements: The Apollo missions also deployed seismometers on the moon's surface, which recorded seismic activity. The data from these instruments provided valuable insights into the moon's internal structure and confirmed that it has a solid, rocky composition.

3. Orbital Observations: Observations made by lunar orbiters, such as those conducted by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, have provided detailed images and data about the moon's surface features. These observations show the presence of impact craters, mountains, valleys, and other geological formations, all consistent with a solid rocky body.

4. Gravity Measurements: The moon's gravitational influence on spacecraft and its effect on Earth's tides have been accurately measured. These measurements indicate that the moon possesses a significant mass, which is consistent with its solid composition.

5. Reflectance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic analyses of the moon's surface have been conducted using remote sensing techniques. These studies reveal the characteristic reflectance patterns associated with rock minerals, further supporting the understanding that the moon is primarily composed of solid rock material.

The scientific consensus, supported by extensive observational data and sample analysis, is that the moon is indeed a rocky celestial body, not a cosmic plasma. While scientific theories and knowledge are subject to revision with new evidence, the overwhelming body of research and exploration conducted on the moon strongly supports its rocky nature.