The maximum range that an orbital rocket can travel from Earth's surface is determined by its capability to achieve a stable orbit around the Earth. In order to enter orbit, a rocket needs to reach a minimum velocity called orbital velocity, which is approximately 28,000 kilometers per hour (17,500 miles per hour).
The altitude at which an object achieves a stable orbit depends on various factors, including the initial velocity, launch site location, and mission requirements. Most orbital rockets aim to reach low Earth orbit (LEO), which typically ranges from about 160 kilometers (100 miles) to 2,000 kilometers (1,240 miles) above the Earth's surface.
However, it's important to note that the maximum range of an orbital rocket is not solely determined by its altitude. Rockets can be launched into higher orbits or even escape Earth's gravitational pull altogether, such as in missions to the Moon or other planets. The range achievable by a rocket beyond LEO depends on its specific design, propulsion system, and mission objectives.