The speed at which air molecules travel in sound or shock waves depends on the specific characteristics of the wave and the properties of the medium. In general, air molecules in sound waves move at a relatively low average speed compared to the speed of sound.
In a sound wave, the air molecules oscillate back and forth around their equilibrium positions, transmitting the disturbance from the source of the sound to the surrounding medium. The speed of sound in air at room temperature is approximately 343 meters per second (or about 1,125 feet per second). The individual air molecules in a sound wave do not travel at this speed but instead exhibit relatively small displacements from their original positions as the wave passes through. The average speed of air molecules in sound waves is typically on the order of a few hundred meters per second.
On the other hand, shock waves are characterized by a rapid increase in pressure and temperature, causing a sudden and drastic change in the state of the medium. In supersonic flow, such as when an object moves faster than the speed of sound, shock waves can form. The speed of air molecules within a shock wave can be highly variable and can reach extremely high speeds.
In summary, the average speed of air molecules in sound waves is relatively low compared to the speed of sound itself, typically a few hundred meters per second. However, in shock waves, including those formed during supersonic flow, the speed of air molecules can be significantly higher and can vary depending on the specific conditions of the shock wave.