Frequency, amplitude, period, and velocity are all important parameters that describe different aspects of sound waves. Here's a brief explanation of each term:
Frequency: Frequency refers to the number of cycles or vibrations of a sound wave that occur in one second. It is measured in Hertz (Hz). The frequency of a sound wave determines its pitch, with higher frequencies corresponding to higher-pitched sounds and lower frequencies corresponding to lower-pitched sounds. For example, a tuning fork vibrating at a frequency of 440 Hz produces the musical note A above middle C.
Amplitude: Amplitude represents the maximum displacement or maximum pressure variation of particles in a sound wave from their equilibrium position. In simpler terms, it indicates the loudness or intensity of a sound. Amplitude is measured in units such as decibels (dB). Higher amplitudes correspond to louder sounds, while lower amplitudes correspond to softer sounds.
Period: The period of a sound wave refers to the time taken for one complete cycle or vibration of the wave to occur. It is the reciprocal of the frequency. The period is measured in seconds (s). For example, if the frequency of a sound wave is 100 Hz, then its period is 1/100th of a second (0.01 s). Period and frequency are inversely related—increasing the frequency decreases the period, and vice versa.
Velocity: Velocity of sound refers to the speed at which sound waves propagate through a medium. It represents the distance covered by a sound wave in a given time. In general, the velocity of sound depends on the properties of the medium, such as its density, elasticity, and temperature. In dry air at 20 degrees Celsius, the speed of sound is approximately 343 meters per second. However, the velocity of sound can vary depending on the medium through which it travels.
To summarize, frequency determines the pitch, amplitude determines the loudness, period represents the time for one complete cycle, and velocity represents the speed at which sound travels.