In solids, sound is transmitted through a process called mechanical wave propagation. Unlike in gases or fluids, where sound travels through the vibration of molecules, sound in solids is transmitted through the vibration of particles within the solid material.
When a sound wave enters a solid, it causes the particles of the solid to vibrate back and forth in the same direction as the wave is traveling. These vibrations are transmitted from one particle to the next, allowing the sound wave to propagate through the solid.
The speed of sound in solids is generally higher than in gases or liquids due to the closer proximity of particles and the stronger intermolecular forces. The specific speed of sound in a solid depends on its density, elasticity, and other material properties.
The ability of a solid to transmit sound waves also depends on its composition and structure. Some solids, such as metals, are good conductors of sound because their particles are tightly packed and can transmit vibrations efficiently. Other solids, such as wood or rubber, may absorb or dampen sound waves due to their internal structure and composition.
To hear sound in a solid, a person typically needs to have direct contact with the solid material or have a device that can detect and convert the vibrations into audible signals, such as a microphone or a contact microphone. The vibrations are then transmitted through the device and converted into electrical signals, which are ultimately converted back into sound waves that can be perceived by our ears.