The decibel (dB) scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the intensity or power of sound. Theoretically, sound can have an infinite range of intensities, both positive and negative, but in practical terms, there are limitations to the range of dB values encountered in everyday life. Here are the theoretical maximum and minimum dB values:
Theoretical Maximum: The maximum dB value theoretically corresponds to the threshold of pain or the sound intensity at which the human ear can no longer tolerate the sound without experiencing physical discomfort or damage. This threshold varies among individuals, but it is commonly accepted to be around 120 to 130 dB for most people. Sound levels beyond this point can cause hearing loss, damage to the ear, or even physical pain.
Theoretical Minimum: The minimum dB value theoretically corresponds to the absolute threshold of hearing, which is the lowest sound intensity that can be detected by the average human ear. This threshold varies with frequency, but it is typically around 0 dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level) at a frequency of 1 kHz. However, it's important to note that the perception of sound at levels below this threshold is not well-defined, and there is no universally agreed-upon minimum dB value for sound.
It's worth mentioning that dB values are relative measurements that are often referenced to a standard sound pressure level or a reference intensity level. Common reference values include dB SPL, dB(A), and dBFS, among others. These reference values provide a meaningful context for comparing and describing sound levels in specific situations.