If a star located 30 light-years away from Earth were to go supernova, it would have a significant impact on our planet. However, the extent of the effects would depend on various factors, including the size of the star, its distance from Earth, and its orientation relative to our planet. Here are some general considerations:
Brightness and radiation: A supernova is an incredibly luminous event, and if it occurred relatively close to Earth, it could temporarily outshine all other stars in the night sky. The burst of radiation from the explosion could potentially harm the ozone layer, leading to increased ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface.
Gamma-ray burst: Some supernovae produce intense bursts of gamma-ray radiation. If Earth were directly in the path of such a burst, it could have catastrophic consequences, damaging the ozone layer, causing mass extinction, and potentially affecting the atmosphere and biosphere.
Cosmic rays: Supernovae also produce cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles. An increase in cosmic rays reaching Earth could have various effects, including an impact on the atmosphere, potential damage to electronics and satellites, and an increased risk of radiation exposure for astronauts and airline passengers.
Stellar remnants: When a star goes supernova, it can leave behind a dense core called a neutron star or a black hole. If the remnant is close enough, it could gravitationally disturb the solar system, potentially altering the orbits of planets.
It's important to note that the chances of a star going supernova at a distance of 30 light-years and within a timeframe that significantly affects Earth are quite low. Nonetheless, if such an event were to occur, it would undoubtedly have a profound impact on our planet and its biosphere, with potential consequences for the climate, ecosystems, and life on Earth.