In movies, sounds like weapons firing and impacts are often created through a process called "foley" or "sound effects" recording. Foley artists are professionals who specialize in creating and recording various sound effects for films.
To capture the sounds of weapons firing, a variety of techniques may be used. Sometimes, actual firearms are recorded in controlled environments like shooting ranges or sound studios, using specialized microphones designed to handle high sound pressure levels. These microphones, such as dynamic or shotgun microphones, can capture the loud and dynamic nature of the gunshots while minimizing distortion.
In other cases, sound designers may use a combination of different elements to create the desired effect. This can involve layering and mixing multiple sounds to achieve the desired impact. For example, they might record the sound of a starter pistol or use compressed air to create the initial burst, and then enhance it by adding elements like low-frequency rumbles or explosions to make it more dramatic.
For impacts and other physical sounds, foley artists often perform live recordings in a studio dedicated to foley work. They use various props and materials to recreate the specific sounds needed. For example, they might use different types of shoes or objects to mimic footsteps or create the sound of punches by hitting various surfaces with appropriate force.
Microphones used in foley recording are typically sensitive and versatile. They may include condenser microphones, which are known for their detailed and accurate sound reproduction. Shotgun microphones with a focused pickup pattern are also commonly used to capture specific sounds or isolate them from unwanted background noise.
The recordings captured during foley sessions are then mixed and synchronized with the visuals during the film's post-production process to create a cohesive and immersive audio experience. This allows filmmakers to enhance the impact and realism of the visuals by adding convincing and tailored sound effects.