Calculating the precise range or distance of a microphone based solely on its sensitivity in dBFS (decibels relative to full scale) is not possible. The sensitivity of a microphone in dBFS indicates its ability to convert sound pressure levels into a digital representation within a specific dynamic range.
To estimate the range or distance of a microphone for capturing a chainsaw sound, additional information is required, such as the sound pressure level (SPL) of the chainsaw at a specific distance or the expected sound decay over distance.
However, I can provide you with a general explanation of the relationship between sound pressure level, distance, and microphone sensitivity. This can give you an idea of how these factors interact:
Sound Pressure Level (SPL): The SPL of a sound is a measure of its intensity or loudness. It is typically expressed in dB, and higher values indicate louder sounds. To estimate the SPL of a chainsaw at a specific distance, you would need information about the chainsaw's sound output, typically provided by its manufacturer or determined through measurements.
Inverse Square Law: The sound pressure level decreases with distance from the sound source according to the inverse square law. According to this law, as you double the distance from the sound source, the sound pressure level decreases by approximately 6 dB. This relationship assumes an idealized situation with no obstructions or reflections.
Microphone Sensitivity: The sensitivity of a microphone determines how effectively it converts sound pressure into an electrical signal. Microphone sensitivity is usually specified in terms of voltage or dBV/Pa (decibels relative to 1 volt per pascal). dBFS, on the other hand, is a digital representation of the microphone's output level within its dynamic range, and it does not directly relate to distance or sound pressure level.
To estimate the microphone range for capturing the chainsaw sound, you would need to consider the expected SPL at a specific distance, the desired signal-to-noise ratio, and the microphone's sensitivity. You may also need to account for other factors like the ambient noise level and any obstructions that could affect the sound transmission.
In practical scenarios, it is often best to conduct real-world tests or consult with experts who have experience in measuring and estimating microphone ranges for specific applications.