The visibility of celestial objects depends on various factors, including their distance from Earth, their size, and their reflectivity or luminosity.
The Moon is easily visible from Earth because it is relatively close, with an average distance of about 384,400 kilometers (238,900 miles). It also reflects sunlight, making it appear bright in the night sky. Its size, although smaller than the Sun, still appears large enough to be seen with the naked eye.
The Sun, on the other hand, is a massive star that emits its own light. It is the closest star to Earth, located at an average distance of about 149.6 million kilometers (93 million miles). Its immense size and intense brightness make it easily visible during daylight hours.
Jupiter, despite being the largest planet in our solar system, is much farther away from Earth compared to the Moon and the Sun. Its average distance from Earth is about 628 million kilometers (390 million miles), but this distance can vary significantly due to the planets' elliptical orbits. Jupiter's relatively small size in the sky, combined with its distance and its lack of significant luminosity compared to the Moon and the Sun, makes it more challenging to see with the naked eye.
That said, under favorable viewing conditions, Jupiter can be visible to the naked eye as a bright point of light in the night sky, especially when it is at its closest approach to Earth during its opposition. However, to observe its details, such as its bands and moons, a telescope is typically required.
In summary, the visibility of celestial objects depends on their distance, size, and brightness. The Moon and the Sun are much closer and either reflect or emit abundant light, making them more easily visible to us on Earth, while Jupiter, despite its size, is farther away and less luminous, requiring more favorable conditions or telescopic observation to see its features.