The ability of light to travel through a vacuum while matter cannot is due to the fundamental properties and interactions of light and matter.
Light, or electromagnetic radiation, consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. These fields do not require a medium to propagate and can travel through a vacuum. According to Maxwell's equations, which describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves, light can propagate through empty space because there are no obstacles or interactions that impede its motion. In other words, light does not require particles or matter to transfer its energy.
On the other hand, matter is composed of particles such as atoms and molecules that interact with each other through various forces, such as electromagnetic forces and the strong and weak nuclear forces. These interactions between particles require a medium or material to transmit them. In the absence of a suitable medium, matter cannot efficiently propagate or travel through empty space.
The inability of matter to travel through a vacuum is primarily due to the absence of a medium to carry the necessary interactions between particles. Matter relies on atomic and molecular interactions, as well as other forces, to maintain its structure and integrity. In a vacuum, these interactions cannot occur, and matter would essentially be isolated, unable to maintain its cohesive properties.
It's worth noting that in some hypothetical scenarios, such as the concept of wormholes or advanced theoretical physics, there are discussions about potential ways matter could travel through space or bypass conventional limitations. However, such ideas are purely speculative at this point and are far beyond our current technological capabilities and understanding of physics.