Yes, time dilation can be experienced without physically traveling through space. In fact, time dilation has been observed and measured in various experiments and is a well-established aspect of the theory of relativity.
According to the theory of relativity, time dilation occurs when there is a relative motion between two observers or when they are in different gravitational fields. This means that time can appear to pass differently for observers in different reference frames.
An example of time dilation due to relative motion is the famous "twin paradox." In this thought experiment, one twin stays on Earth while the other travels at high speeds through space. When the traveling twin returns, they would have experienced less time compared to the twin who remained on Earth, resulting in a measurable difference in their ages. This has been confirmed by experiments involving highly accurate atomic clocks on fast-moving spacecraft.
Gravitational time dilation, on the other hand, occurs due to the warping of spacetime caused by massive objects. The closer an observer is to a massive object like a planet or a black hole, the slower time appears to pass for them compared to an observer further away. This effect has also been experimentally observed and measured.
In summary, time dilation can be experienced without physically traveling through space, and it has been observed in experiments involving relative motion and differences in gravitational fields. These observations support the predictions of the theory of relativity and have been crucial in confirming its validity.