According to our current understanding of physics, it is not possible for an object with mass to travel faster than the speed of light. This limitation is a fundamental principle of special relativity. Therefore, the scenario you described, where a spaceship travels faster than light to escape a black hole, is not consistent with our current knowledge of the laws of physics.
In the vicinity of a black hole, the gravitational force is extremely strong due to the intense curvature of spacetime caused by the black hole's mass. As an object approaches the event horizon (the point of no return), the gravitational force becomes increasingly powerful. This gravitational force is what makes it difficult for objects to escape from a black hole's gravitational pull.
If a spaceship were to somehow exceed the speed of light and approach or cross the event horizon, it would still be subject to the overwhelming gravitational force of the black hole. The gravitational force near the black hole would distort spacetime and exert tidal forces on the spaceship, which could lead to its destruction. These tidal forces would stretch and deform the spaceship and its occupants, resulting in what is known as "spaghettification."
It's worth noting that our current understanding of black holes and the behavior of matter near them is based on the theory of general relativity. However, a complete theory of quantum gravity, which could provide a more accurate description of extreme situations involving black holes, is still a subject of ongoing research and investigation.
In summary, it is not possible for an object with mass to travel faster than the speed of light, and attempting to do so would not allow a spaceship to escape the gravitational effects of a black hole.