The discovery that nothing with mass can move faster than the speed of light is a fundamental principle of modern physics, based on Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. The conclusion that the speed of light is an absolute speed limit arises from a combination of theoretical deductions and experimental evidence.
Einstein's theory of special relativity, published in 1905, introduced the concept that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers moving at a constant velocity. From this theory, it was deduced that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant for all observers, regardless of their relative motion. This led to the realization that as an object with mass approaches the speed of light, its relativistic mass increases, and it would require an infinite amount of energy to reach or exceed the speed of light.
Over the years, numerous experiments have been conducted to verify the predictions of special relativity and confirm that the speed of light is indeed an absolute limit. These experiments include measurements of time dilation, length contraction, and the behavior of high-energy particles. The results consistently support the predictions of special relativity, reinforcing the understanding that nothing with mass can travel faster than the speed of light.
To date, no experimental evidence has shown that anything can exceed the speed of light in a vacuum. Moreover, as objects with mass accelerate towards the speed of light, their energy requirements become increasingly infinite, making it impossible to achieve or surpass that speed. The principles of special relativity are deeply ingrained in our understanding of the laws of physics and have been extensively tested and confirmed.
It is important to note that while nothing with mass can travel faster than light, there are theoretical concepts such as the expansion of the universe or the hypothetical notion of wormholes that might allow for apparent faster-than-light travel or communication. However, these concepts involve complex and speculative ideas that are still subject to ongoing research and investigation.