The concept you're referring to is commonly known as the Alcubierre drive, named after physicist Miguel Alcubierre who proposed it in 1994. The Alcubierre drive is a speculative idea within general relativity that suggests a method for achieving faster-than-light travel by distorting spacetime around a spacecraft.
According to the Alcubierre drive concept, a "warp bubble" is created by contracting spacetime in front of the spacecraft and expanding it behind, effectively creating a region of spacetime that moves the spacecraft faster than the speed of light. However, it's important to note that the Alcubierre drive is purely theoretical at this point and faces significant challenges, both in terms of the required energy and the potential violation of fundamental physical principles.
Regarding your question about escaping from the event horizon of a black hole using an Alcubierre drive, it's unlikely that such a scenario would be possible. The event horizon of a black hole represents the point of no return, beyond which nothing, including light, can escape due to the immense gravitational pull. The strong gravitational forces near the event horizon would severely affect the geometry of spacetime, making it extremely challenging, if not impossible, to generate and maintain a stable warp bubble.
Moreover, the Alcubierre drive concept relies on the existence of exotic matter with negative energy densities, which have not been observed or confirmed to exist in nature. The energy requirements and the potential violation of various energy conditions make it highly speculative and uncertain whether the Alcubierre drive is physically achievable.
It's important to remember that our understanding of physics, particularly in extreme conditions near black holes, is still evolving. While concepts like the Alcubierre drive generate intriguing possibilities, they currently remain within the realm of speculative and theoretical physics.