The phenomenon you're referring to is known as quantum entanglement. In quantum entanglement, two particles become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle is dependent on the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. However, it is important to note that quantum entanglement does not allow for the transmission of information faster than the speed of light.
When two particles are entangled, their states become correlated, but the specific state of each particle is not determined until it is measured. Prior to measurement, the particles exist in a superposition of all possible states. When a measurement is performed on one of the entangled particles, it "collapses" into a specific state, and as a result, the state of the other particle also instantaneously collapses into a corresponding state.
This instantaneous collapse of the entangled particles' states is often referred to as "spooky action at a distance," as it appears to violate the principles of locality and causality. However, it is important to understand that this collapse does not allow for the transmission of information or any form of communication.
The reason for this limitation lies in the fact that the specific state of the entangled particle cannot be predetermined or controlled. Therefore, it is not possible to use entanglement to transmit information from one location to another faster than the speed of light. Any attempt to use entangled particles to communicate would still require conventional information transmission methods, which are bound by the speed of light as dictated by special relativity.
So, while changes in one entangled particle's properties may appear to affect the other particle instantaneously, this phenomenon does not violate the principles of special relativity or allow for faster-than-light communication. The entangled particles are correlated, but their states cannot be freely controlled or used for transmitting information.